Συγχωρέστε με (ειδικά οι μη γνωρίζοντες αγγλικά) που θα παραθέσω μερικά αποσπάσματα στα αγγλικά , δυστυχώς δεν γνωρίζω καν πως μεταφράζεται σωστά αυτός ο όρος στα ελληνικά.
Μπορώ μόνο να υποθέσω ότι αυτό που περιγράφεται το έχουν νιώσει και άθεοι, έτσι ίσως να είναι ένας κοινός τόπος για να γίνει συζήτηση με τους ένθεους (φυσικά όχι με εκείνους τους υστερικούς ένθεους που η μόνη "σοβαρή κουβέντα" θα ήταν η ψυχιατρική υποστήριξη
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- Spoiler: Εμφάνιση
- Από το άρθρο για τον Romain Rolland....
Correspondence with Freud
1923 saw the beginning of a correspondence between the famous psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud and Rolland, who found that the admiration that he showed for Freud was reciprocated in equal measures (Freud proclaiming in a letter to him: "That I have been allowed to exchange a greeting with you will remain a happy memory to the end of my days.").[13] This correspondence introduced Freud to the concept of the "oceanic feeling" that Rolland had developed through his study of Eastern mysticism. Freud opened his next book Civilization and its Discontents (1929) with a debate on the nature of this feeling, which he mentioned had been noted to him by an anonymous "friend". This friend was Rolland. Rolland would remain a major influence on Freud's work, continuing their correspondence right up to Freud's death in 1939.[14]
Το άρθρο για τον όρο "Oceanic feeling"
Oceanic feeling is a psychological term coined by Romain Rolland and popularized by Sigmund Freud in his books The Future of An Illusion and Civilization and Its Discontents to criticize the psychological feeling of religion, the "oceanic" feeling of limitlessness. According to Rolland's definition of the term, this feeling is the source of all religious energy which permeates in various religious systems. It is a sensation of an indissoluble bond, as of being connected with the external world in its integral form.[1] This feeling is an entirely subjective fact and is not an article of faith. Rolland's view is that one may justifiably call oneself religious on the basis of this oceanic feeling alone, regardless if the adherent renounces every belief and every illusion.[2] On the other hand, Freud cannot sympathize with such feeling since he admits he cannot find it in himself. It is not easy, he says, to analyze emotions scientifically. To Freud, this feeling is a fragment of infantile consciousness when the infant begins to differentiate himself from his human and non-human environment. In his opinion, there is not a strong enough need for it to be the source of all religious energy. Freud does not deny that this feeling may occur in people and offers a psychoanalytical explanation.[3]
Psychoanalytical explanation
Freud argues that the "oceanic feeling", if it exists, is the preserved "primitive ego-feeling" from infancy. The primitive ego-feeling precedes the creation of the ego and exists up until the mother ceases breastfeeding. Prior to this, the infant is regularly breastfed in response to its crying and has no concept that the breast does not belong to it. Therefore, the infant has no concept of a "self" or, rather, considers the breast to be part of itself. Freud argues that those experiencing an oceanic feeling as an adult are actually experiencing a preserved primitive ego-feeling. The ego, in contrast, comes into existence when the breast is taken away, and involves the infant's recognition that it is separate from the mother's breast, and therefore, that other persons exist. Freud argues that it would not necessarily contradict psychoanalytical theory for this primary ego-feeling to coexist along with the ego in some people. The main argument for this is that psychoanalytical theory holds that all thoughts are preserved in a conservation of psychic energy. Therefore, the "oceanic feeling" described as a oneness with the world or a limitlessness is simply a description of the feeling the infant has before it learns there are other persons in the world.
History
The concept was coined in a letter of December 5th, 1927 from Rolland to Freud as part of their correspondence, where Rolland writes:
Mais j'aurais aimé à vous voir faire l'analyse du sentiment religieux spontané ou, plus exactement, de la sensation religieuse qui est (...) le fait simple et direct de la sensation de l'éternel (qui peut très bien n'être pas éternel, mais simplement sans bornes perceptibles, et comme océanique).
—[4]
In strict translation:
But I would have liked to see you make an analysis of the spontaneous religious sentiment or, more exactly, of the religious sensation which is (...) the simple and direct fact of the sensation of the eternal (which can very well not be eternal, but simply without perceptible boundaries, and like oceanic).This feeling is in truth subjective in nature. It is a contact.[5]
Freud ends The Future of An Illusion with a discussion of the concept, and picks up the discussion as the beginning of Civilization and Its Discontents, answering Rolland's request. In Civilization, Freud credits the concept to an anonymous friend, referring to Rolland.
Rolland originated the concept based on his studies of Eastern mysticism.
References
1. Emotions in the Christian Tradition (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/emoti ... tradition/
2. The Ontology of Religiosity: The Oceanic Feeling and the Value of the Lived Experience
3. Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and its Discontents. pps 11-13 http://ia340931.us.archive.org/0/items/ ... ntents.pdf
4. Un beau visage à tous sens. Choix de lettres de Romain Rolland (1866-1944), Paris, Albin Michel, 1967, pp. 264–266. (French)
5. Vermorel, Henri, and Vermorel, Madeleine, eds. (1993). Sigmund Freud et Rolland Romain. Correspondance 1923-1936. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
(Η ελληνική είναι πολύ πισώ σε πολλούς τομείς...)
